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For example, the SHA-256 of this word BUTTERFLY (source) is 8c62ace4f9ef8ccd08ca6fb992a8524bb7dbdc0530654bd254c9da07a660949a (HASH). This seemingly random string of letters and numbers has three important properties:

Bitcoin mining involves three factors: the cube, the mining difficulty and a random number. Heres how it all comes together:

Imagine our block consists of the term BUTTERFLY discussed earlier. In fact, the block would contain a list of recent, unverified transactions, but lets keep it simple. In order for the block to be solved, bitcoin utilizes a deceptively simple test: If the HASH result of the block starts with a certain number of zeros, the block is considered confirmed.

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For instance, lets say that we've a mining problem of just two, ie, our HASH should start with two zeros. .

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The problem: BUTTERFLY will return the exact same HASH, and it doesnt start with two zeros. Thus what we need is the next factor, a random number (called a NONCE). We take this number, combine it with BUTTERFLY, and HASH again. If it doesnt start with two zeros, we change the number and try again, and since changing one little number changes the entire HASH outcome, there is no way to forecast the number well need to solve this! .

We repeat this procedure over and over until we find a number that, when combined with BUTTERFLY, provides us a HASH that starts with two zeros. That number is the solution to the block. Here are some attempts:

This arduous procedure of randomly trying to find a number that gives the solution is what creates bitcoin mining such a computationally expensive process, and as more miners join the network, the tougher it gets. At November 2017, a normal home computer working alone, ie, not an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and not a part of a cloud mining network, would take 2.7 million years to mine one block. .

This has led to the rise of ASIC computers built specifically for mining and also to an increase in cloud mining.

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CPU mining. In the first days of bitcoin, mining difficulty was low and not a great deal of miners were competing for blocks you can try this out and rewards. This made it rewarding to utilize your computers own central processing unit (CPU) to mine bitcoin. However, that strategy was soon replaced by GPU mining.

GPU mining. An graphics processing unit (GPU) is a powerful processor whose sole purpose is to help your computers graphics card in rendering 3D graphics. GPUs are not built for executive decisions (like CPUs) but to be very great labourers, hence GPUs are able to execute over 800 times more instructions in the same amount of time as a CPU.

FPGA mining. Next came mining with field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). These greatly outperformed GPUs and CPUs in the mining procedure as FPGAs are chips that can be programmed to execute certain instructions and only those instructions (instead of being repurposed for mining, such as GPUs were).

ASIC mining. Comparable to FPGAs, application-specific integrated circuits are processors designed for a specific purpose, in our case mining bitcoin, and nothing else. ASICs for bitcoin were introduced in 2013 and, as of November 2017, they're the best processors out there for mining bitcoin and they outperform FPGAs in electricity consumption. .

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Mining pools. To cancel the problem of mining a block, miners started organising in cloud or pools mining networks. Whenever a miner in one of these pools simplifies a cube, the reward is shared with everyone in the swimming pool in a ratio representative of how much work you put into the pool (even though you personally never solved the puzzle). .

Cloud mining. Clouds provide prospective miners the capability to purchase mining rigs in a remote data centre location. There are many obvious advantages, the most obvious beingno electricity expenses, no extra heat and nothing to sell when you opt to hang up your digital pickaxe.

Once miners get bitcoin, they are given a digital key to the bitcoin addresses. You can use this digital key to access and confirm or approve transactions.

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Desktop wallets. Software such as Bitcoin Core allows you to send and save bitcoin addresses and also connects to the network to track transactions.

Online wallets. Bitcoin keys are stored online by exchange programs such as Coinbase or Circle and can be retrieved from anywhere.

Mobile wallets. Programs like Blockchain shop and encrypt your bitcoin keys so that you can make payments using your cellular device.

Paper wallets. Some websites offer paper wallet solutions, generating a bit of paper with two QR codes on it. One code is your public address at which you get bitcoin and the other is the private address you can use for spending.